Alcoholics Anonymous Field Visit Report Essay - 2158 Words

Alcoholics Anonymous Field Visit Report Alcoholics Anonymous is a self-help organization made up of men and women, young and old, who come together to share their experiences with alcohol, and to express their hope and strength with one another so that they can overcome the illness of alcoholism and then help others to recover. A.A. was first started by two men in 1935. One man from New York, Bill W., who was a stockbroker and another man from Ohio, Dr. Bob who was a surgeon. At one point Bill had wondered how one of his friends had achieved his abstinence, and his friend told him that he achieved it through religion. His friend explained that it was based on the principles laid down in a movement known as the Oxford Movement.†¦show more content†¦This idea of alcoholics helping each other spread slowly throughout until 1939. At this point, a group of a hundred sober members wrote and published the book Alcoholics Anonymous, which they refer to now as the â€Å"Big Book.† In 1941, A.A. become widely k nown because of an article printed in a national magazine that was widely read, The Saturday Evening Post. (Kinney Leaton, page 268). In A.A. there are no dues or fees, the only requirement is a desire to stop drinking. â€Å"One of the basic tenets of this group is that the alcoholic is biologically different from the nonalcoholic person and therefore can never safely drink any alcohol at all.† (Ray Ksir, page 253). Alcoholics Anonymous includes a creed which is made up of twelve steps and twelve traditions. The Twelve steps are briefly: 1) admitting that one is powerless over alcohol, 2) to believe in a power greater than themselves, 3) a decision to turn their will and life over to God â€Å"as they understand him,† 4) making a moral inventory of themselves, 5) admitting the exact nature of their wrongs, 6) ready to have God remove all defects of character, 7) humility, 8) making amends to those they have harmed, 9) making amends to those wherever it is possible, 10) admitting to taking personal inventory when wrong, 11) praying for a better contact with God, and 12) spreading the message of what has been learned to others with the problem. (Hayman, page 171). These steps must beShow MoreRelatedUnderage Drinking And The Long Term Effect1557 Words   |  7 PagesCaffeinated Alcoholic Beverages Among Underage Drinkers: Results of a National Survey† they examine the relationship between the tendencies underage drinkers who drink non-traditional caffeinated alcoholic beverages and traditionally caffeinated alcoholic beverages. The study defines non-traditional CABs as Pre-Mixed Sodas or Energy Drinks with Liquor added and defined traditional CABs as Liquor with soda, coffee, or tea added by the beverage consumer. Previous research in this field has led to theRead More Substance Abuse on Campus Essay2226 Words   |  9 Pagesphysical development of traditional-age undergraduate college students. 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The area of Nebraska land infested with weed marijuana was estimated in 1969 at 156,000 acres. * * One acre of good land yields about one thousand pounds of marijuana

Viola and Beatrice in Twelfth Night and Much Ado About...

Viola and Beatrice both take on mens roles, Viola that of a manservant and Beatrice that of the perpetual bachelor and the clown: I was born to speak all mirth and no matter, she says to Don Pedro [II.i.343-4]. They appear to be actors and manipulators, much more so than their female predecessors, who are mostly reactive and manipulated, such as Hermia, Helena, Titania, and Gertrude. None of these women seemed in charge of her own destiny, but tricked by the schemes of men and later scorned or humiliated as a result of male machinations. Viola and Beatrice, although they both seem fiercely independent and comfortable in a mans world, reveal themselves to have only the trappings of manhood, and not its full capacity for action.†¦show more content†¦Viola is disconcerted at being confused with Sebastian in Twelfth Nights final acts, but this confusion is not one plotted by men. She and Beatrice remain two of Shakespeares few undeceived women. Beatrice lives the jocular life of a bachelor man, but will not take on the mans office of killing Claudio. In the same way, Viola wishes to retain the freedom and anonymity that life as a man grants her, but balks when it comes to drawing swords. Both attempt rely on the subtler feminine tools at their disposal instead of steel, but in doing so confine themselves to the frailer role of woman. Beatrice maneuvers Benedick into promising to right Hero, and Viola attempts to talk her way out of a swordfight. Viola complains of womens frailty [II.ii.32-3] with respect to Olivia, but her own weakness also prevents her from taking direct action to undo the love triangle in which she has become a corner. She concludes the scene with, O time! thou must untangle this, not I; It is too hard a knot for me to untie! [41-2] Beatrice and Viola both have a hard time untying the knots they have made, although they are not the victims of manipulation in the same manner that Shakespeares other women have heretofore been. Viola does not wait for anyone to rescue her at the shipyard, but hatches her own scheme to go underground into the service of the Duke -- however, she does not plan through to the end. It is onlyShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Much Ado About Nothing 1240 Words   |  5 PagesTheater was built, he moved there and was a shareholder. During these times he wrote several plays for the theater. Some of these include Much Ado about Nothing, Twelfth Night, Love’s Labour’ s Lost, and A Midsummer s Night’s Dream. In the year 1600, Shakespeare wrote the play Much Ado about Nothing. Later the following year, in 1601, Shakespeare wrote a Twelfth Night. In many ways these two plays are similar with the aspects of the differences of power between the upper and lower class, betrayal betweenRead MoreTheme of Love in Much Ado and Twelfth Night1783 Words   |  8 PagesAS English Literature – Unit 2 (Coursework) EXPLORATIVE STUDY Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is studied and his Much Ado About Nothing is used to explore the theme of love. Performances are referred to. Shakespeares romantic comedies explore love, the â€Å"divine passion†, in all its moods and intensities. Most characters in these two plays are in love, find love or seek it. Twelfth Night, reputedly the most mature of Shakespeare’s romantic comedies, weaves several such love stories into an intricateRead MoreThe Aspects of Love in Twelfth Night Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesThe Aspects of Love in Twelfth Night The main theme in Twelfth Night is love. It is announced at the beginning of the play ‘If music be the food of love play on’ and from this you know that love will be a main aspect in Twelfth Night. In Elizabethan time ‘love’ as we know it today was very different. You could not love anyone outside of your social status, marriages were almost always arranged on how the social status could improve the current standing of oneRead MoreOn the other hand, Shakespeare also maintains the feminine ideal through the use of disguise. In700 Words   |  3 PagesOn the other hand, Shakespeare also maintains the feminine ideal through the use of disguise. In Much Ado About Nothing Hero loses her feminine ideals through Claudio’s dishonour, however the use of concealment allows her to regain her ideals. Hero’s death is symbolic as it is seen as her ‘rebirth’, as it induces remorse in Claudio and cleanses her name of infamy ‘One Hero died defiled, but I do live.. and surely as I live, I am a maid’. Hero’s dishonour is paramount, as the destruction of a womenRead MoreThe Foolishness Of Love Is A Force That Exceeds Our Rational Judgment1440 Words   |  6 Pagesovercoming the characters’ rational selves than a source of ultimate fulfillment. Falling in love is often against our best interests, and no one is more aware of this than Beatrice and Benedick in Much Ado about Nothing. Both of them staunch bachelors, they know all too well that love makes people vulnerable and often miserable. Beatrice is sensitive to inequality inherent in marriage whereby a wife should subjugate herself to her husband. She calls men â€Å"pieces of valiant dust† and insists she does notRead MoreEssay about Film Versions of Shakespeare Comedies2208 Words   |  9 Pagesadaptations of Shakespeare’s comedies, Trevor Nunn’s Twelfth Night and Kenneth Branagh’s A Much Ado About Nothing [‘Much Ado’]. Although both films can to an extent be seen as comedies with serious, almost tragic aspects inherent throughout, Nunn’s film deals with these serious facets as central to the depiction, whereas Branagh, although not entirely ignoring the deeper issues, prefers a more light-hearted and visually attractiv e adaptation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Twelfth Night has been described as ‘like Hamlet in a comicRead MoreEssay on A Feminist Perspective of William Shakespeare1506 Words   |  7 Pagesconfront our own contemporary generalizations about gender, especially what it means to be female. In his own time, Shakespeare seems to have been raising questions about the standard images of males and females, about what the characteristics of each gender are, about what is defined as masculine and feminine, about how each gender possesses both masculine and feminine qualities and behaviors, about the nature and power of a hegemonic patriarchy, and about the roles women and men should play in actingRead MoreContext Taming of the Shrew1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s earliest comedies, and it shares many essential characteristics with his other romantic comedies, such as Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. These characteristics include light-hearted and slapstick humor, disguises and deception, and a happy ending in which most of the characters come out satisfied. The light-heartedness of these romantic comedies contrasts sharply with the darker humor and deeper characterization of Shakespeare’sRead MoreThe Renaissance and It’s Affect on William Shakespeare’s Works2369 Words   |  10 Pagesmovement spanning from the later 15th century until the early 17th century, it is associated with the Italian Renaissance which started in the 14th century. Like most of northern Europe, England did not get the full effect of the Renaissance until about a century later and the height of the English Renaissance is considered to be in the Elizabethan Era (1558–1603). The Renaissance was how all of Europe moved away from the Middle Ages and into the new world. The Renaissance was not only a rebirth of

Why do we age Free Essays

Why do we age? I recently took part in 5 experiments undergoing everyday activities to see how it feels to be; ; Blind Bone density problems Hearing difficulties To have limited fine motor skills Memory loss First activity I took part In expected us to try clothes on (that required buttons) to be able to fasten the buttons wearing thick mittens and gloves. The mittens and the gloves resembled the elderly and the Limited fine motor skills (finger movements required to fasten the buttons). This task got me very frustrated as It was very difficult to fasten the buttons because as you get older your receptors become less insensitive this is linked to the fact that the brain and nervous system goes through natural changes, your brain and spinal cord lose nerve cells and weight therefore nerve cells begin to pass messages more slowly, a breakdown of nerves can affect your senses. We will write a custom essay sample on Why do we age or any similar topic only for you Order Now You might have reduced or lost reflexes or sensation. This leads to problems with movement and safety. This can affect people’s self-confidence as they may not understand their own weaknesses making it hard for them to trust themselves to do anything. The mittens and thick gloves resembled this as it was almost as if my fingers were numb and I found it hard to control them in a way I wanted to causing me feel empathy towards the elderly who do suffer with these everyday tasks. The second activity I took part in was listening to a video clip with the volume turned down, this resembled the elderly with hearing difficulties as I really had to strain to hear the smallest sound. It usually is the higher pitched sounds that seem to be harder to hear as we get older and also it is more difficult for the elderly to hear voice and conversations whilst there is background noise, I could hear the lower pitched oases such as the laughter in the background but not the detailed Information In the conversations. As you age, structures Inside the ear start to change and their functions decline. Your ability to pick up sounds decreases. You may also have problems maintaining your balance as you sit, stand, and walk. This could affect a person’s self-confidence and self-Image as they may feel embarrassed If they lose balance or have to ask again for someone to repeat themselves when really It Is Just a natural occurrence that happens to us all. Linked to the sensory system controlling your senses such as hearing, sense of smell, taste and sight. The third activity I took part in required me to read a prescription and separate some elderly face, when you get older your eyesight not only adjusts more slowly to change in distances and light changes from daylight to night vision but if the prescription is hand written it could be more difficult for the elderly to read and understand also the font or printing of the prescription could have the same effect. If the elderly person is not only having eyesight difficulties but also could be prone to diseases such as Parkinson for example and might not be physically able to separate the pills onto the specific days this could be a problem as it could have a potential life risk, if they need to take pills every day and they could not be able to do so. All of the eye structures change with aging. The cornea becomes less sensitive, so injuries may not be noticed. By the time you turn 60, your pupils decrease to about one third of the size they were when you were 20. The lens becomes yellowed, less flexible, and slightly cloudy. The fat pads supporting the eyes decrease in amount and the eyes sink into their sockets. The eye muscles become less able to fully rotate the eye. The fourth activity I took part in was making Christmas cards with our eyes restricted by wearing glasses with numerous of different blockages for our eyesight, so we was completely or partially blind, we had to write the card, decorate the card and put it in the envelope. This task was particularly difficult and frustrating as it was physically impossible to do the task without messing up, as you don’t know if you have already included the information or how neat it was. As we age the most common in sight difficulties is trouble focusing on something close, such as reading, writing and itching television this is called presbyters, it also gets harder to tell the colors apart but for our activity this was relevant as we tried different glasses on which reduced our eyesight to different limits. This could affect someone self-esteem as they may feel they are getting worse as they age and not feeling good enough as they once did in their younger days. The last activity I took part in was attaching heavy weights onto my arms and doing daily tasks such as brushing our teeth and brushing our hair for 2-5 minutes, we felt the strain and this resembles an elderly person who may suffer with bone density robbers most common in women after menopause, this may leave you feeling weak as when we age our muscle mass naturally decreases as our bones lose calcium, linked to the musculoskeletal system. The decrease of muscles for an elderly person could create a serious risk for daily activities as if they fall they wouldn’t be able to brace themselves properly and ease the fall as their muscles may not be strong enough to hold themselves. This could affect someone’s self-esteem as they may change their own opinion of themselves may see themselves as Weak’ when really the decrease of muscles begins Just after 30 years of age. How to cite Why do we age, Papers

Dengue Virus Serotypes in Asymptomatic Donors - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDengue Virus Serotypes in Asymptomatic Blood Donors. Answer: Background According to the reports of World Health organization (2017), dengue has become one of the severe diseases in recent decades and most of the Asian and Latin American countries are suffering from its severity. This is a viral infection originated through mosquitoes and the virus is carried by mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (World Health Organization, 2017). Recently the American Association of Blood Banks and Center of Disease control and Prevention has recommended to screen for the DENV serotypes while blood transfusion, as the rate of diffusion of dengue virus through blood donations has been reported in several studies (Walsh, 2016) Methods DENV serotype screening has been suggested by the American Association of Blood Bank and Center for Disease Control and Prevention as two Brazilian cities Recife and Rio de Janeiro reported transfusion of RNA positive blood units to 35 recipients, within which 6 developed the disease, however the KSA health authority still do not recommend such screening in western epidemic region of KSA (Levy, 2016). There are two methods to identify DENV serotypes in blood samples, by seizing the non-structural viral protein as well as by conducting RT-PCR. The researcher used an IVD TaqMan multiplex assay to screen the DENV RNA and connected that with the DENV IgG and IgM. In this cross sectional study, the western epidemic province was selected for the study and after obtaining ethical sanction from the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Ethics Committee and consent from the 910 participants ranging from 25 to 55 years, blood samples were collected from the blood bank of Hira general hospital an d the regional laboratory of holy Makkah between march 2015 to august 2016 (Ashshi, 2017). These participants were declared eligible as per the regulations of KSA ministry of health and after centrifugation of 10 ml sample, 500 aliquot samples were stored in -80 degree Celsius for further PCR and ELISA tests. For the ELISA detection, the researcher used certified kits for the detection of Igg and IgM against the DENV serotype in the blood sample of the participants. Depending on the ratio of IgG and IgM found in the blood, the donors were denoted primary source or secondary source of infection. Further for the detection of DENV serotype, Fast Track Diagnosis Dengue differentiation kit was used for the TaqMan RT-PCR process and the participants were divided in 6 categories according to the DENV serological results (Ashshi, 2017). The results were statistically analysed using SPSS (V 16) and the complete rate of noticing anti-dengue antibodies was 5.5% for IgM and 39% for IgG. Further as per the ratio of IgG and IgM, the overall rate of prevalence was found to 2.3% for secondary infection and 3.2% for primary infection. While the multiplex PCR assay was able to identify the serotype 2 in maximum of the 910 participants and DENV-4 serotype was found in more than 38 percent of the participant s. Therefore, the study was successful to identify serotype 4 in the epidemic region of KSA, and showed that the prevalence of serotype 4 was almost similar to the serotype 2 (Ashshi, 2017). The research was successfully able to demonstrate that blood transfusion is one of the prime way of transmission of dengue as 5.5% prevalence of dengue was detected through PCR. This study however, was proven to be progressive as it was able to detect serotype 4 in the western KSA region. Further, it should also be noted from the research that serotype 4 was identified in the participants, who were positive to IgM antibodies in the ELISA test (Ashshi, 2017). Results While discussing the results, it should be mentioned that according to the reports of WHO, last few decades witnessed the immigration of 10 million of migrant independent workers especially from Pakistan and India, where the DENV-4 is widespread (UN DESA, 2017). Further, due to the increase in tourism sector, visitors from countries where DENV serotype 1 and 3 is prevalent has visited KSA, increasing the occurrence of those serotypes in the region. Therefore, the two main findings from this research was finding all four serotype in the eligible donors determines the endemic nature of dengue and further 56% of secondary donors within the participants determined that transfusion of dengue through the blood of eligible donors is a major concern and the KSA healthcare authorities should focus on the issue particularly in the endemic region of the country (Ashshi, 2017). (Fig. 1 determines the prevalence of IgM and IgG among all the 4 serotypes of DENV, Ashshi, 2017) Discussion However, in spite of the success regarding establishment of DENV-4 serotype in the blood transfusion of KSA, several shortcomings were inherited within the research analysis. According to Meyers, Gamst Guarino (2016), to establish any research finding, it is important for the group of researcher to conduct confirmatory tests regarding the process. The research of Ashshi (2017), was able to find the serotype 4 in the blood serum of eligible donors however, for the confirmation of the statement, they did not carried out other diagnostic techniques such as NSI or viral isolation. Further, the major limitation of the study was inability to identify the viral load in the blood, which would help to recognize that those blood samples were able to develop dengue with serotype 4 or not (Furtado et al., 2012). Therefore, the selection of PCR kit for the detection of serotype 4 was a limitation for the study. Similarly, the usage of ELISA for the qualitative detection of IgM and IgG using the Panbio,Brisbane, QLD, Australia Kit was one of the major limitations. The primary reason behind it was the presence of heterophilic antibodies in the provided antibody of the kit that interferes with the immunoassay. According to Panbio (2018), these are antibodies raised in animal samples that lead to cross react with reagent antibodies added in the ELISA assay, and creates a false positive result. Further the serological cross reactivity is a common phenomenon that misleads the research by detecting the presence of DENV antigens within the assay. Therefore, accurate results are not produced. On the other hand, through this research, the researchers determined that current measures regarding the inhibition of dengue is not appropriate and a selected section of KSA should be monitored to control the blood transfusion of the disease. However, according to Schlenke (2016), the modern technique and pathogen inactivation technologies that has been implemented currently in the process, h elps to limit the blood transfusion of diseases and has sifted the paradigm towards the manufacturing of safe and disease free blood. Hence, the KSA government should enhance its pathogen inactivation technologies instead of wasting its resources for continuous monitoring of blood donation events (Schlenke, 2016). Therefore, while critically analyzing the research article, it should be mentioned that more such researches should be conducted in the KSA endemic region to understand the rate of disease occurrence and the frequency of infection using more than one research method so that the result can be established for further disease management process (Meyers, Gamst Guarino, 2016). Conclusion This research was targeted to identify dengue serotypes in the blood donated by the eligible donors of endemic region of KSA for dengue. As the disease was asymptomatic and no previous research present to identify DENV 4 in KSA, this research was of huge importance for the healthcare sector of KSA. Due to increased amount of travelers, and the home of more than 10 million independent workers from India and Pakistan where the serotype 4 is prevalent, KSA eventually become endemic to dengue. Further, by identifying the serotype 4 in the blood samples of donors, the research established the fact that current measures regarding inhibition of dengue is not sufficient and screening of blood donations should be screened in the prevalent region of KSA to prevent the transfusion of dengue in the province. References Al-Johar, A. W., Al-Saud, A., Abalkhail, Y., Jawdat, T., Al-Khamees, S., Faisal, A. T., Abdel-Gader, A. G. (2016). Why do-Saudi Women Refrain Donating Their Blood?--a Study on the Attitude, Belief and Motivation of Saudi Female University Students Towards Blood Donation.Clinical laboratory,62(5), 771-779. Ashshi, A. M. (2017). The prevalence of dengue virus serotypes in asymptomatic blood donors reveals the emergence of serotype 4 in Saudi Arabia.Virology journal,14(1), 107. Furtado, M. D. S. B. S., Andrade, R. G., Romanelli, L. C. F., Ribeiro, M. A., Ribas, J. G., Torres, E. B., ... Martins, M. L. (2012). Monitoring the HTLV?1 proviral load in the peripheral blood of asymptomatic carriers and patients with HTLV?associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis from a Brazilian cohort: ROC curve analysis to establish the threshold for risk disease.Journal of medical virology,84(4), 664-671. Goodman, J. K., Cryder, C. E., Cheema, A. (2013). Data collection in a flat world: The strengths and weaknesses of Mechanical Turk samples.Journal of Behavioral Decision Making,26(3), 213-224. Levi, J. E. (2016). Dengue Virus and Blood Transfusion,The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 213(5), 1 March 2016, Pages 689690 Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., Guarino, A. J. (2016).Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation, 3rd edn, pp. 123-145, Sage publications. Panbio. (2018).DENGUE IgM CAPTURE ELISA.Rootbio.com. Retrieved 15 March 2018, from https://www.rootbio.com/admin/download/2009216131852707.pdf Schlenke, P. (2014). Pathogen inactivation technologies for cellular blood components: an update.Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy,41(4), 309-325. UN DESA. (2017).New UN DESA report finds numbers of migrants continue to rise | UN DESA | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.UN DESA | United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/international-migration-report-2017.html Walsh, G. M., Shih, A. W., Solh, Z., Golder, M., Schubert, P., Fearon, M., Sheffield, W. P. (2016). Blood-borne pathogens: a Canadian Blood Services Centre for innovation symposium.Transfusion medicine reviews,30(2), 53-68. World Health Organization. (2017).Dengue and severe dengue.World Health Organization. Retrieved 5 March 2018, from https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/

Compare and Contrast Venn Diagram free essay sample

Squanto and Powhatan Compare and contrast Venn diagram Squanto Powhatan Similarities Went to England. Was fluent in English. Was a friend of the pilgrims. The only survivor of his tribe. Chief of his tribe. Ruled with an iron grip. Attacked the settlers. Both Indians. Acknowledged that the English were superior. Both helped the settlers. 2. Compare and contrast two different Native American Tribes. | Tribe #1: Wampanoag| Tribe #2: Cherokee| Government    |   The Wampanoag were organized as a confederacy with lesser sachems and sagamores under the authority of a Grand Sachem. During the early 1800s, the Cherokee adopted their government to a written constitution. They established their own courts and schools, and achieved a standard of living that was the envy of their white neighbors. The Wampanoag were a horticultural people who supplemented their agriculture with hunting and fishing. |   The Cherokee were horticulturalists, raising cereal and vegetable crops on a swidden basis and supplementing their subsistence through hunting, fishing, and collecting. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Venn Diagram or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Religion    |   The Wampanoags religion was called Spiritualism. They thanked Mother Earth, animals, plants, birds, fish, and all living things for the gifts they gave to the Wampanoag. The Cherokees had a strong belief that there were certain beings who came down from the skies formed the world, the moon and the stars. It was believed that the world was created at the time of the new moon of autumn, when the fruits of the earth were ripe. Culture    |   The Wampanoag subsisted, as did other tribes of the Eastern Woodlands, on the Three Sisters (maize, beans, and squash) along with the fruits of hunting, fishing and gathering. Unlike tribes of the Iroquois, the Wampanoag lived in wetus instead of longhouses. |   The Cherokee were a settled, agricultural people living in approximately 200 fairly, large villages. The typical Cherokee town consisted of 30 to 60 houses and a large council house. Homes were usually wattle and daub, a circular framework interwoven with branches (like an upside-down basket) and plastered with mud

WInning or longitivity Essay Example

WInning or longitivity Essay Example WInning or longitivity Essay WInning or longitivity Essay Winning and Longevity A professional baseball team set Its sights on winning the World Series. The team owner wanted to win big and win fast. Consequently, the team sank all of Its resources into trading for the best players in the league. It was able to obtain enough of them that within two seasons the team was the World Series champion. However, the team had committed such a high percentage of its financial resources to players salaries that other important elements of the team began to suffer. Its stadium quickly fell Into such a state of disrepair that fans began to stay home. Training faculties also began to suffer, which caused discontent among the players. The money left over to pay the salaries of coaches wasnt enough to hold onto the good ones, most of whom accepted better offers from other teams. In short, by focusing so intently on the desired end result, this organization neglected other important aspects of building a competitive team. As a result, the teams World Series championship was a short-lived-once-in-a-lifetime victory. The very next season the teams crumbling infrastructure sent it tumbling to the bottom of Its division. Without he people, processes, and environment to turn the situation around, the team was eventually sold at a loss and moved to another city. Discussion Questions Why would a company that is turning out a satisfactory product want to continually examine its processes and the work environment? What happened to the old adage If its not broke, dont fix it? The old adage if its not broke, dont fix it is not applicable for the current competitive world. Even though the company is producing a satisfactory and the best product in the market It Is high-risk for the company to go on with the same product. It Is very important for the company to continuously innovate the current product to exceed the customer expectations and maintain gap between themselves and the rest of the competitors. Here we can take an example of pioneers like Monika and Blackberry how they use to lead the wireless mobile market until Apple and Samsung came into the picture. Their products were absolutely satisfactory but they failed to compete with the current innovations and technology used by their competitors. Added to this quality Is always dynamic and always changes as time passes by and circumstances altered. For an example, there Is radical change in the data storage industry in last decade. If the company restricted their production to floppy discs or Cads they wouldnt have sustained as the technology drastically changed to flash storage and now cloud storage. The competitors who focus on continual improvement might produce a comparable quality. But the competitor who looks beyond Just the quality of the finished product and also focuses on the continual Improvement of the people who produce the product, the processes they use, and the environment they work in will win in the long run. The company should continuously examine its products, processes and the work environment to satisfy the customers or else someone else will. Create a manufacturing, processing, or service sector parallel for this activity. Discuss how this assignment would apply to a company. One of the biggest online bus ticketing companies called to take ten Dustless to ten next level Day utilizing zest technology available and to develop the strong management. Company hired chief operating officers and technology experts from big firms by offering high salaries. Initially company started modestly with a few seats from one bus operator and gradually expanded their horizons to almost all the bus operators country wide. In no time company has become one of the most successful online bus ticket booking agencies. With the fame they gained during initial stages, the best technology used and with the top management resources they hired by offering high salaries the companys growth boosted up instantly but they neglect to look before they leap, moving forward with plans without taking the time to realize that the base assumption of the business plan is wrong. They believe they can predict the future, and invested a lot in acquiring top resources. The company wanted their venture to be all about the technology and management, without taking time to form a balanced plan. Initially the company has not spent a dime on marketing and the growth has been entirely organic, driven by word of mouth boosted by achieving deeper engagement with existing customers. But it is not sufficient to gain the new customers and hold the old customers. The company couldnt spend on marketing and advertising on mass media including TV ads and couldnt offer any deals to the existing customers. The competitors came up with best offers and the marketing strategies and win over the current customers. Due to these circumstances the customer acquisition was slowed down, it has become increasingly harder and more expensive. The company failed to satisfy the existing customers and it has become hard for the company to maintain the top employees. Employees started looking for other sources as they couldnt find any growth in the company. Without the people, processes, and environment to turn the situation around, eventually the company has to shut down for good. Few key factors that affected the company were, emphasis on short-term profits, using only visible data and information in decision -making, and failed to manage the funds effectively.

Formal Charge Definition in Chemistry

Formal Charge Definition in Chemistry Formal charge of FC is the difference between the number of valence electrons of each atom and the number of electrons the atom is associated with. Formal charge assumes any shared electrons are equally shared between the two bonded atoms.Formal charge is calculated using the equation:FC eV - eN - eB/2 whereeV number of valence electrons of the atom as if it were isolated from the moleculeeN number of unbound valence electrons on the atom in the moleculeeB number of electrons shared by the bonds to other atoms in the molecule Formal Charge Example Calculation For example, carbon dioxide or CO2 is a neutral molecule that has 16 valence electrons. There are three different ways to draw the Lewis structure for the molecule to determine formal charge: The carbon atom may be joined to both oxygen atom via double bonds (carbon 0, oxygen 0, formal charge 0)The carbon atom may have a single bond with one oxygen atom and a double bond to the other oxygen atom (carbon 1, oxygen-double 0, oxygen-single -1, formal charge 0)The carbon atom may be joined to each oxygen atom via single bonds (carbon 2, oxygens -1 each, formal charge 0) Each possibility results in a formal charge of zero, but the first choice is the best one because it predicts no charge in the molecule. This is more stable and thus is most likely. See how to calculate formal charge with another  example problem. Formal Charge Key Takeaways Formal charge (FC) is the electric charge of an atom in a molecule.It is calculated as the number of valence electrons minus half the number of electrons shared in a bond minus the number of electrons not bound in the molecule.Formal charge is used to estimate the way electric charge is distributed in a molecule.